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Field of activity image signal processing

On the trail of comet dust

C. Wöhler and Portable Newtonian reflector with polarizing camera © Christian Wöhler​/​TU Dortmund
Christian Wöhler und portabler Newton-Reflektor mit Polarisationskamera auf dem Ballon d‘Alsace
In the field of image signal processing, Prof. Christian Wöhler regularly measures the polarization of comet dust. C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently approaching Earth. Processing the recently acquired image data should provide information about the size, structure, and chemical composition of the comet dust and ultimately offer insights into the primordial matter of our solar system.

The bright comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is currently moving across the northern sky and can be easily observed with binoculars or a small telescope shortly after sunset and shortly before sunrise. Since Fred Whipple's groundbreaking research in the 1950s, comets have been referred to as “dirty snowballs.” According to this description, they are relatively loosely bound, irregularly shaped bodies up to about 20 kilometers in size, consisting of water ice and other frozen gases, silicate dust and rock, and organic compounds with a high carbon content. They formed 4.6 billion years ago from the material of the same interstellar gas and dust cloud in which the Sun and the planets of our solar system formed at the same time.

Almost all comets orbit far outside the orbits of the large planets around the Sun, where they have not changed significantly since their formation. Therefore, the material they are made of is very similar to the original material of the solar system and provides deep insights into its formation. Only occasionally is a single object deflected into the inner solar system by the gravitational pull of the large planets, where it then moves along an orbit that brings it close to the Sun and Earth at regular intervals. For Comet Lemmon, this happens about every 1,200 years. This comet will only be observable for a short time until the end of October and will not return to Earth in our lifetime.